Piston cooling arrangement for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with an injection nozzle

ABSTRACT

A piston cooling device for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, which includes a selectively rotatable injection nozzle which selectively directs cooling lubricant against the piston head or another part of the piston, and means for indicating whether or not the lubricant is being directed against the piston head.

United States Patent [1 1 Howe [54] PISTON COOLING ARRANGEMENT FOR A RECIPROCATING PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH AN INJECTION NOZZLE Hans-Ulrich Howe, Bensberg-Fran- [75] Inventor:

kenforst, Germany [73] Assignee: Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktien g esellschaft, Cologne-Deutz; Germany [22] Filed: Nov. 5, 1970 [21] App1. No.: 87,207

[30] 5 Foreign Application Priority Data Nov. 7, 1969 Germany ..P 19 56 121.8

[52] US. Cl ..92/l86, 123/4135 [51] Int. Cl ..F0lp 3/10 [58] Field of Search .;92/186; 123/4135, 41.36; 239/71, 570, 571

[ 1 Jan. 9, 1973 [5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,097,263 5/1914 Reich ..239/571 X 1,355,229 10/1920 .IOnS ..184/6.2 2,388,093 10/1945 Smith r ..2 39/71 X 2,657,678 11/1953 Maybach.... ..123/41.36 2,800,119 7/1957 Schmidl ..123/41.35 2,960,146 12/1960 SChWCiiZCI et al ..123/41.35 X

Primary Examiner--Martin P. Schwadron Assistant Examiner-Irwin C. Cohen Attorney-Walter Becker [57] ABSTRACT A piston cooling device for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, which includes a selectively rotatable injection nozzle which selectively directs cooling lubricant against the piston head or another part of the piston, and means for indicating whether or not the lubricant is being directed against the piston head.

4 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PATENTEDJAH 9 I975 3.709.109

SHEET 2 [IF 2 PISTON COOLING ARRANGEMENT FOR A RECIPROCATING PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH AN INJECTION NOZZLE The present invention relates to an arrangement for the piston cooling of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. In this arrangement a jet of lubricating oil is directed and dosed or measured out against the underside of the piston head or is sprayed into a cooling passage of the piston.

With the use of reciprocating internal combustion engines, particularly with those that have oil cooling, having increased output and speed, and especially with supercharging, the necessity arises to cool the pistons. Methods are known to cool small and medium sized machines with lubricating oil which is sprayed from a jet orifice against the underside of the piston. A more effective cooling of the piston is accomplished by directing the oil jet from a collecting bore extending in the longitudinal direction of the piston to a radial annular passage in the piston head, from where it finally passes through; a discharge bore. Since such piston cooling is only necessary with high output machines, whereas such piston cooling is not necessary with machines of the same type, but with throttled output, it will be appreciated that depending upon the desired output, different equipment will be required for the engine. Thus, for example, along with the piston cooling, an oil cooler or, if this is already present, a larger oil cooler is necessary in order to withdraw the heat additionally conveyed to the lubricant. With motors to be built in later, and to be produced by mass production, it is not always known at the time of manufacture and delivery what their future use and their corresponding output and equipment will be. For this reason, the machines are first assembled as a standard model and adjusted for the same output. When the use is known, the machine is changed over, if necessary, and the output is accordingly newly adjusted. In order that a necessary changeover be a simple operation that can be performed in a simple manner, and more specifically, so that such a changeover does not make it necessary to tamper with the insides of the machine, the components involved in this changeover should be such that they can easily be detached or attached to the outside of the machine while being easily accessible. In connection with this arises the necessity, according to the need, to make the piston cooling effective or ineffective by means of a simple manipulation on the outside of the machine.

It is further known with regard to high output machines to employ a piston cooling system, which is fixedly mounted and cannot be shut off. Should it be desired to drive such a machine or engine on the basis of its use with a throttled output, which requires no piston cooling, this use must already be known at the time of factory assembly, so that the piston cooling device, as the case may be, will not be installed. The drawback to this is that the manufacture must be set up according to advance plans. This, due to the high cost, does not permit a future changeover.

It is an object of the present invention to make the piston cooling effective or ineffective according to need through a simple operation.

This object and other objects and advantages of the lowing specification in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 represents a longitudinal section through the piston, cylinder, and the injection nozzle for the piston cooling system according to the invention of an air cooled internal combustion engine.

FIG. 2 shows an end view of the closure or shut-off screw shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 represents a longitudinal section through an injection nozzle for a piston cooling system similar to that represented in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 shows an end view of the closure or shut-off screw shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 represents a longitudinal section through the piston, cylinder, and the injection nozzle according to the invention for the piston cooling system of an aircooled internal combustion engine.

FIG; 6 shows an end view of the closure or shut-off screw shown in FIG. 3.

The invention is characterized primarily in that the jet of lubricating oil can be interrupted or shut off or by a change in direction he made ineffective. The interruption or shut off of the jet of lubricating oil is effectively accomplished by means of a shut-off valve, such as a stopcock or other shut-off devices. The shut-off device may be arranged in front of each individual nozzle in its inlet conduit or in the nozzle body itself. It may also be located at the beginning of a distribution conduit, from which the individual supply conduits for the nozzle branch off. According to a further development of the invention it is suggested that the oil supply bore in the nozzle body be closed by means of a plug which extends into the nozzle body. This plug is held in position by means of a closure or shut-off screw, or is connected to this screw. A further quite simple embodiment of the invention is obtained by'supporting the nozzle body in the machine housing in such a fashion that the nozzle body can be turned. By turning the nozzle in two different locking or indexing positions, the piston cooling system can be made effective or ineffective by changing the direction of the spray of oil. To reduce the froth or foam formation the jet of lubricating oil discharged when the nozzle body is in a position of ineffectiveness is directed in such a way that the jet strikesa wall of the machine housing at a flat or small angle. In order that the respectively set operating or working condition be verifiable, it is proposed that the setting or adjusting of the piston cooling system be done from the outside, and that the condition of the piston cooling system which can be turned on or off as desired, be recognizable by a visible mark on the outside of the machine.

The advantage to a piston cooling system which can be easily turned on or off according to need is that machines can be mass produced alike with uniform equipment, while without such an adjustable piston cooling system, machines would have to be produced in smaller quantities with corresponding individual-routing of the orders and a corresponding higher cost. The easy accessibility of the setting or adjusting makes it possible to produce the machines for stock, and only when the use is known is the necessary adjustment made, and, as the case may be, the oil coiler can be entirely omitted or exchanged for one with a smaller output, while simultaneously realizing a considerable sav- Referring now to the drawings in detail, the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 comprises a piston 1 in its lowest dead center position in a finned cylinder 2. The finned cylinder 2 is mounted on a machine housing 3 and the lower non-finned portion of the cylinder projects into the centering bore of the machine housing 3. An injection nozzle 4, whose discharge bore 5 is directed to that it sprays into a collecting bore 6 of the piston 1, is connected with the machine housing 3 through a press fit and is additionally fixed into its position by means of a sheet metal cut 7 approximately semi-spherical in contour. The tapped hole 10, whichis closed with a closure or shut-off screw 8 having a seal 9, serves for the fitting of injection nozzle 4. The oil feed for the injection nozzle 4 is achieved by means of a bore 11 in the machine housing 3, and is controlled by means of a spring 13 which urges a ball 12 against a seat in sleeve 17, said spring being yieldable to permit the ball being pressed of said seat in response to a certain oil pressure. The directed jet of oil 14 passes through the collecting bore 6 into the annular passage 15 which radially encircles the piston head. The orifice for the oil to pass to the discharge bore is not shown in the annular passage section.

An end view of the closure or shut-off screw 8 shown in FIG. 1 is represented in FIG. 2. This screw does not,

have any designation or mark to indicate if the oil feed or flow to the injection nozzle is free.

The injection nozzle 4 in FIG. 3 is closed by a plug 16, which extends into the oil'inlet bore 17a. The plug 16 is secured from falling out by means of the closure or shut-off screw 18.

An end view of the closure or shut-off screw 18 shown in FIG. 3 is represented in FIG. 4. This screw has a readily visible designation 19 by which it is known if the oil flow or feed is closed or checked.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 5 comprises a piston l in its lowest dead center position in a finned cylinder 2. The finned cylinder 2 sits on a machine housing 3 and the lower non-finned portion of the cylinder projects into the centering bore of the machine housing 3. An injection nozzle 4, whose discharge bore 5 is directed so that it sprays into a collecting bore 6 of the piston 1, is, by means of a thread 24, rotatably mounted in the machine housing 3. The jet of oil 14 directed from the injection nozzle 4 passes through the collecting bore 6 into the annular passage 15 which radially encircles the piston head. The orifice to the discharge bore is not shown. The bolt-like multiple-part nozzle body 20 with slitted head 21 is inserted into the machine housing 3 from the outside and seals the oil passage 11 towards the outside by means of rubber ring 9. The position of the slitted head 21 is fixed by means of a smaller locking screw 22,'which engages or locks in thegroove or slot 23 which runs axially on the circumference of slitted head 21. By means of a second groove or slot 23 offset from the first by 90 along the circumference of the slitted head 21,v the position of the discharge bore 5 and thereby the spray direction 14 is such that the piston cooling system is ineffective. The oil feed for the discharge bore 5 iseffected through the bore 11 in the machine hous in 3. When the pressure in the bore 11 1s sufficiently hig to push the ball 12 into the spring 13, the oil from bore 11 reaches the discharge bore 5. I

An end view of the nozzle body 20 with the slitted head 21 shown in FIG. 5 is represented in FIG. 6. The slots or grooves 23 on the circumference of slitted head 21 for the fixing of the position leave two settings offset 1. In combination with a reciprocating piston of an internal combustion engine, a device for cooling said piston which includes: supporting means adjacent. to

said piston, nozzle means provided with passage means and supported by said supporting means, said passage means being connectable to a supply of cooling lubricant and also being adapted to direct cooling lubricant against a surface region of the head of said piston,means for controlling the supply of cooling lubricant to the said piston head surface region according to engine requirements, said nozzle means being rotatably mounted in said supporting means and being selectively rotatable alternately into a first position in which cooling lubricant is directed against said piston head surface region and into a second position in which cooling lubricant is prevented from reaching said piston head surface region, means being provided for selectively locking said nozzle means in either one of said first and second positions, and indicating means on the outside of said engine, said rotatable nozzle means being provided with means operable to register with said indicating means to indicate the direction in which cooling lubricant is directed from said nozzle means.

2. A device in combination according to claim 1, which includes a plug detachably inserted into said passage means of said nozzle means for. blocking off only the supply of .cooling lubricant through said passage means, and screw means detachably secured in said supporting means for holding said plug in a blocking position.

3. A device in combination according to claim 1, in which the passagemeans of said nozzle means has a first section extending in the axial direction of said noz- I zle means for connection with asupply of cooling lubricant and has a second section communicating with said first section and extending radially therefrom to the outer periphery of said nozzle means.

4. A device in combination according to Claim 1, in which said nozzle means when in said second position directs cooling lubricant at a flat angle against a wall 0 said supporting means.

t i l t It 

1. In combination with a reciprocating piston of an internal combustion engine, a device for cooling said piston which includes: supporting means adjacent to said piston, nozzle means provided with passage means and supported by Said supporting means, said passage means being connectable to a supply of cooling lubricant and also being adapted to direct cooling lubricant against a surface region of the head of said piston, means for controlling the supply of cooling lubricant to the said piston head surface region according to engine requirements, said nozzle means being rotatably mounted in said supporting means and being selectively rotatable alternately into a first position in which cooling lubricant is directed against said piston head surface region and into a second position in which cooling lubricant is prevented from reaching said piston head surface region, means being provided for selectively locking said nozzle means in either one of said first and second positions, and indicating means on the outside of said engine, said rotatable nozzle means being provided with means operable to register with said indicating means to indicate the direction in which cooling lubricant is directed from said nozzle means.
 2. A device in combination according to claim 1, which includes a plug detachably inserted into said passage means of said nozzle means for blocking off only the supply of cooling lubricant through said passage means, and screw means detachably secured in said supporting means for holding said plug in a blocking position.
 3. A device in combination according to claim 1, in which the passage means of said nozzle means has a first section extending in the axial direction of said nozzle means for connection with a supply of cooling lubricant and has a second section communicating with said first section and extending radially therefrom to the outer periphery of said nozzle means.
 4. A device in combination according to Claim 1, in which said nozzle means when in said second position directs cooling lubricant at a flat angle against a wall of said supporting means. 